Saksagan
Identifying Tower S as the Tower of Anemas
The Tower's Location and Historical Descriptions
Can Tower S truly be identified as the Tower of Anemas? Let's consider the evidence. According to Anna Comnena,...
Gates Believed to Belong to the Constantinian Wall
In Byzantine history, several city gates are mentioned that are believed to have been part of the original Constantinian walls of Constantinople. These gates...
The Northern End of the Constantinian Wall
The situation becomes more complex when we look at the northern end of Constantine’s land wall. According to the Paschal Chronicle, the wall ended...
The Location of Zeugma
St. Antony’s Ferry
The place known as Zeugma, also called the Ferry of St. Antony, was located near the shore. It was most likely a...
Widespread Social Unrest
Everywhere in the Ottoman Empire, social life is in a sad state. We hear about riots and killings in many places. In Albania and...
Rising Tensions Between Bulgaria and Turkey
The cause of conflict in the Balkans often begins with Turkey, though it is rarely admitted. Bulgarian fighters sometimes cross the Turkish border. When...
Trouble Brewing in Macedonia
The situation in Macedonia, also called Eastern Rumelia on some maps, is growing worse each year. Sadly, this crisis has not attracted much attention...
The Secret Annex to the Treaty
The secret part of the treaty explains how the land gained from Turkey in Europe should be managed. It talks about all the territory...
The Need to Reject the Treaty of Bucharest
If honor is to be restored in the Balkans, the Treaty of Bucharest must be rejected. This treaty broke two important agreements and is...
The Balkans for the People of the Balkans
Even the Times newspaper in November 1912 agreed with Gladstone’s idea: "The Balkans for the people of the Balkans." Until then, Russia never believed...
